According to the principle of the oval style in clothes. Definition of silhouette, constructive, and decorative lines in clothing

So, speaking of form, we mean the volume-spatial characteristics of objects. If we project the shape onto a plane, we get its silhouette. In other words, the silhouette is a planar perception of form. The lines that describe the contours of the planar projection of the form are called silhouette lines.

Silhouette- this is the most accurate and comprehensive description of the form. When characterizing the shape of a suit, frontal and profile silhouettes are usually considered. Naturally, there can be many options for silhouette forms of clothing, but at the same time, it is customary to reduce them all to a few basic types.

According to the degree of fit, it is customary to subdivide the silhouettes into (Fig. 1):

Adjoined;
fitted (with a different volume of the bodice and skirt);
semi-adjacent;
straight;
extended;
tapered.

Let's consider them in more detail.

Straight silhouette- one of the most common types of silhouettes. Geometrically, it is close to a rectangle or square, depending on the proportional ratio of vertical and horizontal dimensions. Clothes with a straight silhouette are perfect for all types of figures, as it successfully levels out their possible shortcomings. In such clothes, the waistline is not accentuated and the horizontal dimensions are approximately the same at all levels. Clothing of a straight silhouette may have a rigid, clearly defined contour, or may have a soft, rounded shape, which is determined by the plastic properties of the material from which it is made.

Trapezoidal silhouette characteristic of flared clothing. Geometrically, this silhouette corresponds to a trapezoid, in which the small upper base is the shoulder line (or the waist line in belt clothes), and the large lower base is the bottom line of the product. The greater the difference between the sizes of these bases, the greater the degree of flaring. In this silhouette form, the waist line is also not emphasized. Clothes of a trapezoidal silhouette with a slight flare downward visually make the figure more slender and therefore recommended for obese people. This variation of the trapezoidal silhouette is also called the "A" silhouette.

Semi-adjacent silhouette very typical for classic style clothes. Unlike the two previous silhouettes, the semi-adjacent one follows the contours of the human figure. The waist line in such clothes is clearly expressed and is located in a natural place, while the clothes of a semi-adjacent silhouette have sufficient volume, they do not tighten the body, but slide freely over it. In such a silhouette form, there is no contrast of dimensional features - the composition is built on the principle of the nuance of the shapes and masses of the costume and its elements. The semi-fitted silhouette is well suited to all types of figures and is most often used in outerwear.

The advantages of a slim figure are best emphasized by clothes adjacent silhouette. The concept of "adjacent silhouette" refers to two types of shapes, which are commonly called "X-silhouette" and "hourglass". Both of these options have common features: a tight-fitting bodice, an emphasis on a thin waist, emphasized by a design or belt. However, in their geometric appearance, they differ significantly from each other.

"X-silhouette" can be compared with two trapeziums - the upper trapezium of the bodice and the lower trapezium of the skirt, which are connected by small bases, i.e. along the waistline. Here, the contrast between the extended shoulder line is obvious, as well as the significantly expanded bottom line of the skirt and the thin waist. The contrast can be enhanced if the product has a long skirt with a strong flare. In this case, the masses of the bodice and skirt still contrast. Clothing of this silhouette is best suited for tall, slender women.

hourglass silhouette not so active - there is no contrast of form, the composition of the costume is based on the principle of nuance. Unlike the previous version, the hourglass silhouette has a small skirt - straight or narrowed down. In this case, the length of the skirt can vary significantly. The result is a silhouette shape with a small bodice and a small skirt. The upper and lower parts of the suit are separated by a thin waist. In clothes of this silhouette, slender, but short women look best.

Much less than the silhouettes described above, common oval silhouette. In fact, it can be considered as a modification of a straight silhouette. However, unlike the latter, the oval silhouette has a rounded shoulder line and a tapered skirt. Thus, the widest part of such clothing falls at the level of the waist and hips. The rounding of the shoulder line can be achieved due to the cut (for example, raglan or semi-raglan cut), as well as structural details (high large collar, wide stand-up collar, etc.).

Rice. 1. Product shape configuration

According to the type of geometric shape, the following shapes can be named:

- rectangular;
- trapezoid;
- x-shaped;
- semi-adjacent;
- combined;
- oval.

It should be noted that in the clothes of the “oval” silhouette, either shoulder pads are not used at all, or the latter have a rounded shape. Tapering down can be obtained in a constructive way, for example, due to tucks, or by pulling the bottom of the product with a cord threaded into the drawstring. Clothing of this silhouette is not recommended for women of small stature, as it visually lands the figure.

Within these silhouettes, various modifications are possible. For example, they can all lengthen and contract to become more dynamic, or expand and shorten to become static and stable, depending on the aesthetic and style requirements of the current fashion.

There are three main groups of lines in clothing:

1. silhouette, or contour;

2. constructive;

Silhouette lines define the frame of the product, within which the shape and style are developed.

The form of clothing is created using constructive lines - seams, which connect the individual parts and details of clothing into one whole. The main design lines include shoulder and side seams, bodice and skirt seams, armhole seams and lower sleeve seams, a seam along the waistline.

decorative lines- these are lines that are formed using various elements of decoration: inlays, soutache, cord, lace, embroidery, relief, seams, valves, straps, belts, etc.

If the constructive lines also play the role of decorative ones, they are called constructive-decorative. For example, a neckline in women's dresses, the contours of collars along the departure line, the contours of pockets, valves, cuffs.

The finishing elements of the model can be a chest tuck, various reliefs, etc. This also includes all constructive lines that determine the natural points of the figure: the line of the chest, neck, shoulders, waist, bottom. In modern products, the neck line is made in the form of a square, cape, oval, boat, trapezoid, etc.

· The line of the shoulders, chest, hips, as a rule, is drawn in a natural place.

· Waist line - in a natural place, higher or lower;

Bottom line - depending on the model, it can be straight, curved, zigzag.

Clothing, without exaggeration, has long become an integral part of the life of each of us. But if in the old days it most often served as nothing more than a cover for the human body, while being as simple as possible, now clothes reflect the essence of a person. It can tell a lot about a person. And with the flow of time, clothes became more and more complicated. Starting from simple loincloths up to the modern concept of a toilet, that is, a collection of clothes, shoes, gloves, various accessories that perfectly complement the image.

With the complication of attire, concepts and silhouettes in clothing became an important element. The word "silhouette" itself has French roots and denotes the outline of an object. But if we are talking about the silhouette in clothes, then regardless of the complexity of the decoration, any clothes can be conditionally represented as a simple geometric figure - a rectangle, trapezoid, oval or triangle.

Recently, designers have focused on several types of silhouettes in clothing. The most popular today are a straight, semi-adjacent, fitted and trapezoidal silhouette:

1. Straight silhouette in clothes differs in a rectangular geometric shape and is presented in several versions: a narrow and expanded rectangle, as well as a square with truncated upper corners. The straight silhouette is the most versatile, it looks great in clothes regardless of the figure. The width of the clothes of this silhouette in the chest and hips is the same.
2. Semi-adjacent silhouette in clothes It is characterized by a slight fit along the line of the chest, waist, hips and a smooth, sometimes barely noticeable expansion downwards. In general, this silhouette repeats the outlines of the figure, but does not fully reveal it.
3. Fitted silhouette speaks for itself. Clothing has an extended shoulder line, a narrowed waist and bottom of the product.
4. Silhouette of a trapezoid in clothes also has its own characteristics. The main characteristic of the trapezoid silhouette is the extension from the shoulder line or armhole. Clothing made in this silhouette can be either loose along the entire length or fixed with an elegant belt at the waist. A significant expansion of clothing will be the best solution for tall or women who are in an interesting position.

How to choose your style in clothes? How to choose the right silhouette, color of clothes? All these questions are useful if you want to look elegant.

The nature of your clothes depends, first of all, on its style. According to the style decision, the whole variety of forms of clothing can be reduced to three main groups: classic style clothing, sports style clothing and fantasy or feminine style clothing.

Basic clothing styles

It is very important to find exactly your style of clothing. A business woman will prefer a classic style that is strict and smart. Fashion does not make drastic changes to it, it only slightly corrects the shape: a slightly wider or slightly narrower shoulder, a tighter or looser waist, a wider or narrower lapel. There are very few details in such clothes and only the necessary ones: a turn-down or English collar, welt pockets in a frame with a leaflet, a flap. Such clothes often have patch pockets that are simple in shape without excessive decoration.

Sports-style clothing has always been free-form, providing comfort on the move. It emphasizes the sportiness of the figure, harmony and smartness. Sports style is characterized by an abundance of details. Collars, pockets, fasteners - the most diverse. Sleeves are often shirt and raglan.
A sports style option for girls is denim skirts and other denim clothing. These are jeans, as well as a variety of denim products: sundresses, dresses, coats, jackets.
Such clothes are sewn with a large number of various patch and mortise pockets and other practical details. Additions to clothing: sports shirts, knitted T-shirts, vests, pullovers, scarves, embroidered hats made of thick cotton, blended, raincoat fabrics, leather and suede.

The charm of the girl is emphasized in clothes in the style of "feminine". Clothing of this style is distinguished by a complex cut, unusual shapes, and complexity of decoration. The details are original and bold, which will give room for imagination. Collars can be very diverse: cape collars, hooded collars, draped collars, collars with embroidery and trim. Flounces, frills, frills, metal molds are also details of a feminine style.

The style of clothing inspired by the motives of folk art is called folklore. The heritage of the folk costume is a variety of straight cut options. The simplicity of the cut, the manufacture of clothes without much fitting, contains the age-old wisdom of the people. Folklore style - a variety of embroidery and decoration, bright clean colors.

Four basic clothing silhouettes

With all the variety of forms of modern clothing, four silhouettes can be identified that have been constantly in fashion over the past decades: straight, semi-adjacent, fitted and trapezoidal. Each has several options, more voluminous or more calm, classic.

Straight silhouette is the leader. It can be narrow and elongated or wider, approaching a square. A straight silhouette with rounded shoulders and slightly narrowed down resembles the letter "O", the same ironed, but with a clearer shoulder - the letter "U".

Semi-adjacent silhouette slightly emphasizes the shape of the figure, can be shorter or longer. It is a moderate fashion silhouette. The shape of the fitted silhouette may resemble the letter "X". This shape can be created by an extended line of the shoulder, the bottom of the product and a thin waist. The fitted silhouette can have a narrow or loose bodice, an extended or tapered skirt.

Trapeze silhouette- This is a silhouette in which the shape expands from the line of the shoulder or armhole. The extension can be quiet or more significant with large, mobile coattails. Sleeves are also diverse in their forms - set-in and one-piece, raglan and raglan shoulder straps, shirt sleeves, etc.

The form of clothing is created by constructive and decorative lines: tucks, reliefs of various instructions, assemblies, puffs, draperies, tucks, undercuts, tails, flares. Clothing design should not be random, it should correspond to the silhouette and form a single whole with it. The tuck can be located on the edge of the part or in its middle, be closed or open, simple or figured.

Raised seams- these are connecting seams, which are at the same time a design element. They can be complemented with or without darts, strictly vertical or curly. Gathering also creates volume and is obtained by pulling the material together with one or two parallel stitches.

Puffs create a relief on the surface of the material and therefore are at the same time a finish. They can be machine and manual.

Drapery- free-lying or falling folds of various nature with their subsequent fixing. It is usually performed on thin elastic fabrics of silk and wool crepe weave. To get smooth flexible lines, it is better to cut the fabric in the oblique direction of the thread.

Pintucks- these are numerous small folds or tucks closely spaced from one another. They are partially built up and end with soft folds. With the help of tucks and assemblies, you can get free forms of products.

undercut- a kind of artistic design. The fabric is partially cut to create a bulge in the hips, chest.

coattails can be obtained by cutting "flared" (cutting out funnel-shaped parts at an angle of 45 ° to the warp threads). Soft tails are formed under the weight of the fabric.
See How to sew a sun skirt.

Shuttlecocks are of two types. Sometimes these are straight strips of fabric cut along an oblique thread. The stitched side is collected or laid in frequent small folds. In other cases, shuttlecocks are cut out in strips in a spiral or in a ring and stitched to the product with internal cuts. Such frills are usually performed in elegant items made of silk fabrics.

Frill they are strips of material of various widths, gathered on one side and sewn to the product on the same side. Cut them out along the grain line of the fabric.
See Bias Ruffled Skirt.

ruffles- these are also strips of material, but gathered in the middle. The edges in them must be finished by machine or by hand. Ruffles are made both from the fabric of the product and from various finishing materials.

jabot- removable or set-in neck trim. In cut it is an incomplete circle or drop shape. When finished, the frill is laid in uniform coattails.

coquilla- this is a finishing detail formed by two circles drawn from one point with a smooth decrease in radius until the outer circle intersects with the inner one. The mold is attached to the middle of the front with an inner cut. The outer cut drapes freely under the weight of the fabric.

For centuries, colors have been used to express certain feelings and concepts. So, a wedding dress is most often made white, pink clothes are bought for little girls, and blue clothes for boys. Prom dress - light: white, pale pink. Formal men's clothing is dark in color.
Each fashion has its own specific color scheme. Colors can be bright or calm, light or dark, pure or complex. The colors grey, white and black have become classic. Women's clothing is more complex in color. Youth - colorful and bright. A very important point is the combination of colors. Color combinations can be tonal or contrasting. A tonal combination is a combination of two or three similar colors, for example, light, medium and dark shades of a color in one suit. The contrasting combination of colors makes the clothes bright and emotional.

The combination of colors in clothes also affects its shape. By the successful use of color, we can create various visual illusions. It must be remembered that light and warm colors (yellow, orange, red) are "protruding", they visually increase the shape of clothing, so they are not recommended for full figures. Fat women are more suitable colors "retreating". These are cold colors (blue and green) or dark saturated ones. Also, obese women should avoid contrasting color combinations.

It is necessary to divert attention from those parts of the figure that are unprofitable to emphasize. So, if a person has a too dense physique, a color finish that attracts attention is placed somewhere near the neck. Black shoes and a black hat with a light suit emphasize height. A dark skirt can visually narrow the hips, a dark blouse can reduce the size of the bodice. It is good if all products and additions to the wardrobe - hats, gloves, shoes are linked by color. This can be achieved if we take one color as the basis. The choice of the main color in the wardrobe may depend on the color of the hair, eyes, skin color and character of the woman.

The pattern of the fabric also affects the shape of the product. The combination of color and fabric pattern affect the appearance of clothing, its expressiveness. Fabric with a large pattern gives the impression of a large relief and bulge. A full and low figure in clothes made of such fabric will seem even fuller and squat. In this case, you need to choose a fabric with a small pattern. Rare horizontal stripes located in different areas visually expand these areas.

For thin tall women, dresses made of fabric with a large pattern, plaid, peas, which visually make the figure look fuller, are acceptable. These visual illusions can be used in modeling clothes, if it is necessary to visually change the entire figure or its individual parts.

Despite the fact that the “oval” type figure is considered the most problematic, with such a physique it is quite possible to look attractive. But for this you will need to learn how to choose the right clothes and not buy things thoughtlessly.

Body Features

Each figure has its own merits and they need to be emphasized in every possible way, and its shortcomings, which should be carefully hidden. So, the owners of the “oval” type figure, as a rule, have luxurious breasts, soft outlines of the shoulders and hips, and slender legs. These are significant advantages that can easily divert attention from the problematic middle part of the figure.

The main features of the physique:

• rounded outlines of the body, lack of angularity;
• wide waist, practically no different in volume from the hips;
• the girth of the shoulders and hips is almost the same;
• slender legs.

Women with an oval-shaped figure tend to be overweight, they easily gain extra pounds. Moreover, even three or four excess kilos are deposited at the waist, so for obese women with such a physique, the waist line is the widest point of the figure. When gaining weight, there is almost always the appearance of a noticeable belly.

Women with an oval physique need to try to control their weight, because losing weight can be difficult for them. But even losing weight will not be able to significantly change the proportions of the figure. Therefore, in order to give the figure grace, you should learn how to dress correctly.

The oval body type requires careful selection of wardrobe. Inappropriate things will not only not hide the flaws, but visually add a few more kilograms.

Many girls, trying to hide the absence of a waist, choose clothes that resemble a hoodie. But with this they achieve the opposite effect, the body looks even more massive. But too tight clothing is not suitable, as it will emphasize the flaws. Thus, the best option are models of a semi-adjacent silhouette.

To visually add harmony, use vertical lines. It can be:

• a vertical strip or a vertically located ornament on the fabric;
• piping or decorative seams;
• vertical cutouts;
• unbuttoned jackets, creating two vertical lines with their shelves;
• vertical rows of buttons;
• long beads and chains.

Now let's figure out what to avoid:

• belts or belts at the waist, as well as two-color clothes, in which the color separation line falls in the middle of the figure;
• miniskirts can afford to wear only slender "ovals";
• jackets and jackets, the bottom edge of which reaches the waistline. Such a choice will violate harmonious proportions.

How to choose clothes?

What styles of clothing can hide a wide waist and emphasize the winning places of the figure? Let's try to figure it out.

Dresses

The main thing when choosing dresses is to follow the location of the waist line. It should not fall on the widest part of the figure. Therefore, we choose models with a high waist, located directly under the bust. This cut will suit both a full and thin figure. Slender girls with a similar physique can sew dresses with a low waistline. In the presence of a protruding tummy, this style should be avoided.

Successful styles are dresses in the form of a trapezoid, that is, expanding towards the bottom.

You can safely choose dresses with unusual, asymmetrical necklines, vertical elements, decor on the chest or along the bottom line. Evening dresses can have a revealing neckline, best of all V-shaped.

Slender girls with a figure resembling an oval can also sew fitted dresses for themselves if the skirt has a tulip style.

Skirts

A woman can hardly do without this wardrobe item. For girls with an oval figure, straight models without a belt are perfect. You can choose models with a slightly low waistline.

A-line skirts made from well-draped fabrics also look great. You can choose wrap skirts or models with four or six wedges. For summer, choose a sarong style skirt.

The optimal length of skirts is up to the middle of the knee and a little higher. Slender girls can afford a moderate mini.

To divert attention from the problematic part of the figure, you should prefer models with decor on the bottom of the skirt.

Trousers

No need to give up such a comfortable part of the wardrobe as trousers. The best style is the classic straight model with arrows. They should choose shoes with heels. Moreover, the lower part of the trousers should cover the heel to the middle.

You can buy skinny pants, but when choosing such a model, you need to take into account the volume of the hips. The wider it is, the less the degree of narrowing should be. Flared trousers from the hip are also suitable for slender oval figures, but the flare should be moderate.

If the hips are narrow enough, then it is quite possible to wear tight jeans or leggings, only with a “top” that is correctly matched to them, which will hide the problematic part of the figure.

For any style of trousers, it is worth giving preference to models without a belt, preferably with a fastener in the side seam. Slender girls can wear shorts. It is better for full ladies to prefer knee-length Bermuda shorts.

Blouses and tops

A good choice for oval-shaped figures can be straight fit shirts, blouses made of thin fabrics with undercuts under the bust, blouses with a smell. Decorative details should be located above chest level. It is important to avoid cropped models, blouses should reach mid-thigh.

Very good tank tops with defined shoulders but loose at the bust and waist. A lifesaver for oval-type figures can be trapezium-shaped tunics with a simple cut.

cutout on blouses it should have a vertical shape, you can use a neckline in the form of the letters V or U. You can emphasize the neckline with contrasting trim.

Sleeves should not be wide, cropped sleeves look good, for example, three quarters. But you can choose blouses with long narrow sleeves.

Sweaters choose free, elongated with a raglan sleeve. Great variety of sweatshirts. But you should refuse to buy tight turtlenecks and models with a large collar.

Jackets

Jackets for the figure "oval" are suitable for a wide variety. They look great on single-breasted models in the style of Chanel, and blazers for men with one-button closure. It is recommended to wear jackets unbuttoned with a release blouse.

Outerwear

To look elegant at any time of the year, you need to choose the right outerwear. Owners of the “oval” figure should refuse to emphasize the waist, the use of belts and belts will not form a beautiful silhouette, but will only emphasize the absence of beautiful curves of the figure.

At the time of buying fur coats consider short-haired fur models, the cut should be straight or flared. Length - to the middle of the thigh. This will reveal the most beautiful part of the figure - the legs. Pick up elegant boots with heels for a fur coat.

Avoid large decorative details - massive buckles, large hoods and collars.

Coat it is also better to buy a classic. A model of a straight silhouette or a loose double-breasted coat looks laconic and simple. It should be put aside the model with a belt and a coat that is tight-fitting.

trench coat the classic cut does not suit ladies with an oval figure too well. Models in the style of the 60s trapezoidal silhouette look much more harmonious. You can also purchase a straight coat, but you will need to wear it without a belt.

Swimwear

Choosing a bathing suit for an oval figure, especially if you have extra pounds, can be difficult.

It is better to give preference to one-piece suits, and if the figure is slender, then you can choose a model with cutouts at the waist, thanks to which, a silhouette resembling an hourglass is visually created.

The color of the swimsuit can be dark or saturated, it is good if there is a light vertical stripe in the middle.

Accessories

Choosing shoes, you should give preference to models with heels. It is not necessary to buy shoes with twelve-centimeter stiletto heels, you can limit yourself to a heel 4-5 cm high.

In summer, you can also wear flat shoes - ballet flats or sandals. But such shoe models are suitable only for ladies with slender legs, and they should be worn with skirts and dresses, but not with trousers.

You should not try on shoes with long socks or with straps around the ankles, these models shorten the legs and make them massive.

Belts and belts are needed, only it is recommended to wear them not at the waist, but at the hip line. Scarves and stoles will decorate the figures if the neck is long and the line of the shoulders is graceful. If the neck is short, then it is better not to emphasize this part of the body.

Decorations choose graceful and thin. Long beads and chains are a good choice for clothes with a stand-up collar.

bags choose a medium size, and you need to wear them so that the main part does not fall at the level of the belt. Therefore, it is worth choosing models with long straps or handles that allow you to carry the bag near the hip line.

Fabrics and colors

For tailoring, girls with an oval-shaped figure are recommended by stylists to choose plastic fabrics with a smooth surface. Suitable materials: knitted fabrics, silk, light cotton fabrics, soft wool.

Give preference to plain materials, patterns may be present, but they should be delicate. You can choose fabrics with a thin stripe, with abstract blurry patterns, coloring with an ombre effect.

You should not choose clothes from textured, hard and dense fabrics, they will make the silhouette more massive.

Ladies who are owners of an “oval” figure need to sew one-color dresses, if you plan to combine fabrics, then the color inserts should be vertical. The border of color separation can also pass along the horizontal line of the hips, such a solution, provided that the top is darker than the bottom, will help hide the protruding belly. Contrasting trim can be used to highlight a vertical neckline or the bottom edge of a garment.

fashion images

Using the right wardrobe items, you can create a variety of fashionable images.

For slender

A slender oval figure allows you to wear tight trousers and short skirts. For example, you can combine black tight trousers with a burgundy knitted sweatshirt with white piping at the collar and bottom of the model. Complement the image with a straight brown-red jacket and beige high-heeled shoes.

Straight jeans can be combined with a tunic, with an undercut along the chest line and freely flowing floors. To this outfit, you can pick up an elongated cardigan with two rows of buttons and shoes with a small heel.

For full

A violet-colored straight skirt with a low waistline can be combined with a loose blouson with vertical stripes. As a set for the costume, we select a black straight jacket with three-quarter sleeves, black shoes with white toes and a purple rectangular bag with short handles.

We combine an A-line skirt with a beige diagonal check with a black wrap jacket. We complement the set with matte stockings, high-heeled shoes and modest beads.

Stars with an oval shape

Many famous women are owners of an oval-shaped figure. So, a similar physique for Britney Spears, Renee Zellweger. These girls, when choosing toilets, try to focus on the chest and legs. They also use models that visually shape the waist, for example, with dark inserts on the sides.

A competent choice of clothes, both in design and in color, will allow you to visually correct the shortcomings of an oval-type figure. Despite the fact that it is difficult to fight with nature, there is no need to despair, it is quite possible to “outsmart” it using the advice of a stylist.

There are many senses of perception of the environment, one of them is visual, it has great explanatory power.
The first visual impression of a suit put on by a person consists of the degree of volume of this suit and its silhouette. In the direction of fashion, the silhouette is a generalized expression of a planar graphic representation of the main features of its form.
The silhouette is like a frame, within which, limited by its contours, they develop the volumetric shape of the product as a whole and its individual constructive and decorative lines. At the same time, the silhouette to some extent determines the shape of the product, but does not reflect its design.
The design of the product is determined by its cut and is developed on the base drawing. Contour lines of the main details of the product (line of the armhole, neckline, shoulder and side cuts, bottom of the product), as well as waist lines, darts or relief lines are applied to the grid of the base drawing. Separately, drawings of the base of the sleeve and skirt are developed.
The cut of the product is determined by the special cut of the sleeve, the division of the main parts, the location of the tucks, seams, etc. The main cuts of the sleeve include:
classic set-in sleeve with an okat of different heights; raglan sleeve and its varieties; one-piece sleeves with a different slope from the shoulder cut; combined; shirt-cut sleeves (straight folk cut). Skirts of the same silhouette shape can also have the most varied cut, depending on the presence and location of longitudinal and transverse seams.
The choice of cut depends on the properties of the fabric used, its width, plasticity, scale and direction of the pattern, on the purpose of the model, and most importantly, on fashion recommendations and a specific figure.
In modern clothes, the shape of the sleeves is very diverse. So, one-piece sleeves can be of any volume, with and without a gusset, cut "bat".

The shape of raglan and semi-raglan sleeves is varied and complex: from a soft three-dimensional shape to a raglan shoulder strap. Set-in sleeves can be of a classic cut, with a full head, functional (with a slightly lowered rim), ham-shaped (with gathers along the rim and narrow at the wrist); shirt cut, as well as straight cut in the traditions of Russian folk clothing with gussets, wedges and without them, narrow at the bottom and on the cuffs.
The silhouette is the main factor in choosing the fashionable form of the product. The silhouette form of clothing is based on the simplest geometric figure - a rectangle, a triangle, a cylinder, a trapezoid, an oval, etc. The construction of these figures is by no means provided with the help of a compass, but it is from them that the artist and designer proceed when modeling clothes.
The design of any product is determined by the silhouette shape and is based on the base drawing.
At each stage of the development of modern fashion, the same clothing silhouette can be represented by several options, differing in volume along the chest line, the shape of the shoulder line, and the width of the bottom. This important factor should be kept in mind when creating strictly individual clothing. Changing the volume of silhouette forms contributes to a variety of style solutions and types of clothing for various purposes for figures of different age groups. Therefore, before building a design drawing or developing a pattern, it is necessary first of all to clarify the silhouette shape, determine all its nuances and then embody them in the design drawing of the future product.
There are the following clothing silhouettes: straight, adjacent, semi-adjacent and trapezoidal. In different periods of fashion, preference is given to one or another silhouette.

Straight silhouette

offered in several versions.
The basis of a straight silhouette is an elongated quadrilateral, with a natural line of the shoulder, such a silhouette is suitable for women of different ages.
Fashion dictates an expanded rectangle, the silhouette takes on this shape when the pattern expands along the shoulder line.
A narrow rectangle, which is typical for products with a straightened shoulder line, this shape is acquired by raising the shoulder line, shoulder pads.
Square with truncated top corners. Products of this silhouette, voluminous in the area of ​​the shoulder and chest girdle, have a rounded, significantly elongated shoulder line; the direct shape is expressive with a clear extended shoulder girdle and narrowed bottom.

Semi-adjacent silhouette

differs in a slight fit along the line of the chest, hips. The waistline is slightly expressed, it can vary from the original up or down, depending on the style. The bottom of the product, the skirt of the trousers is expanded to the bottom. The semi-adjacent silhouette barely noticeably highlights the outlines of the figure. For older women and slightly overweight, this is a great find.

adjoining silhouette

designed mainly for products cut off along the waistline, with models that include a belt, belts. Loose fit along the hips, possibly cascading, fluffy skirts. There are reliefs or figure-hugging tucks along the chest line from the shoulder seams. The fitted silhouette is designed for women with a well-built figure.

Trapeze silhouette

comes into fashion and varies from moderate to active forms, moderate or strong fit along the bust and shoulder line, and a wide skirt down, flared, flounced pleats are possible, increasing the volume at the bottom.
In products for young girls, it is possible to use belts and active expansion at the bottom of the product, for older women, more restrained and close to traditional forms are preferred.